Hawthorn
Hawthorn, also known as may, is the only British tree named after the month it flowers in. Until the calendar was changed in 1752, hawthorn would be in flower for May Day, which used to be 11 days later than it is now. May boughs and blossoms were traditional decorations for May Day celebrations, and were associated with the woodland spirit known as the Green Man. Hawthorn trees are generally thought to bring good luck, but are also associated with fairies, so must be treated with respect. It’s probable that the old saying ‘Ne’er cast a clout ‘til May be out’ means holding on to your winter clothes until the blossom, rather than the month, is out.
Uses for hawthorn
Hawthorn is also known as quickthorn from its rapid growth, and is by far the most popular hedging plant in the countryside as it quickly makes a stock-proof barrier. It’s used by herbalists as a heart tonic, and in the past it has been prescribed for such diverse problems as high blood pressure, gout and vertigo. The wood is very hard and dense, was used to make engraved blocks for printing and is now made into walking sticks and tool handles.
Hawthorn and wildlife
Hawthorns are native plants and excellent for wildlife. Their dense twiggy growth provides good nesting sites for birds, and the berries provide food in autumn and winter, especially for migrants such as fieldfares and redwings. The plant is home to 149 species of insect, including the striking green and red hawthorn shield bug.
Hawthorn in the garden
Hawthorns are one of the best small trees for any garden. They grow quickly at first, then slow down and take on quite a gnarled appearance even when relatively young. Unlike many small trees they have real presence, though they never reach any great size. The common hawthorn Crategus monogyna can reach 10m, though rarely does so, and most other species are smaller. Even in the wild form, the creamy-white blossom is spectacular, but if you want more colour look for the midland hawthorn C. laevigata which has double pink and double crimson varieties. As well as colourful berries known as haws, hawthorns produce good autumn colour, most spectacular in C. persimilis ‘Prunifolia’, and if you want a plant with serious thorns look for the cockspur thorn C. crus-galli where they can reach 8cm long.
Links
The Ogham Sketch Book by Karen Cater is a miscellany of tree lore, customs, mythology, herbal remedies, recipes, songs and lovely illustrations.
The Ogham Sketch Book by Karen Cater is a miscellany of tree lore, customs, mythology, herbal remedies, recipes, songs and lovely illustrations.
The Woodland Trust’s online resource at www.british-trees.com is a comprehensive guide to identification, and much else.